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Will Banks Become Utilities?

Let's step back from the last 48 hours worth of insanity in banking stocks. (Bank of America and others plunged on Monday and seem to be recovering today.) Let's step back further, beyond the immediate problems of how to bail out or repair the banks. What are banks likely to look like in a few years? After all, Wall Street, as we once knew it, is now gone with all the investment houses having either disappeared or turned themselves into bank holding companies. The idea of nationalization has been out there but that, I think, is a loaded word and not quite right. We've already lost our virginity by partially nationalizing the banks when we put taxpayers money into them and we're likely to do much more before it's over. With it's connotations of South American guerrillas in fatigues, nationalization carries a lot of dire implications. It's also a misnomer since no one really thinks Citigroup or Wachovia are about to become wholle federally owned and run.

The better metaphor may be the idea that banks will become utilities, like ConEd in New York or Duke Energy in the south and midwest. Electricity in the United States is mostly provided by private utility companies that are heavily regulated even more than banks. For instance, they usually need regulators to sign off on rate increases while no bank has to check in with the FDIC before raising fees for say, an overdrawn check. Still, utilities are not nationalized in any sense. They trade on public exchanges like the NYSE/Euronext and NASDAQ . You can invest in them and put your money at some risk but because their business is so stable their prices don't fluctuate too widely, relative to the rest of the market, and so they tend to pay large dividends.

Nassim Nicholas Taleb, the author of The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, an investment adviser, philosopher academic, trader and prescient gloom and doomer about the current economy has used this metaphor. On Charlie Rose, late last year he said:

It will be very different. Number one, banks will be utility companies, because we no longer will tolerate privatizing the gains and socializing the losses anymore. If you and I are going to bear the losses of bankers, we don't want to pay them bonuses for five or six or seven years, and then bail them out. No more of that. Banks are going to converge with utility companies, because if you go to Detroit or LA you want to be able to get cash from a cash machine. It's a utility.

People will still be able to take risks but there will be no government bailout. As he told TIME:

I think that we've got to progressively become a society where banks are deemed to be too precious for us, for our currency, to take too much risk. We need to have a banker who is just as responsible as someone working for the water company. Banks are going to become a utility. And banks probably will not have a lot on their balance sheet, and the risks taken will be borne by individuals like myself who have capital, and who know the risks, with their own money. Otherwise you're going to keep having a cycle that's deeper every time.

Getting to this place will take some time. We're nowhere near the levels of regulation needed to make banks as reliable and safe as the water or gas companies. And it doesn't mean there won't be casinos open. In the future, you will have, say, hedge funds or private equity firms taking risks, but not banks themselves. Everyone's heard of Jamie Dimon or Ken Lewis or other bigshot bankers. I couldn't name a utility executive.

Will this happen soon, this year? No. I've asked around with Democrats involved in the financial crisis and I don't think there's anything like this level of regulation coming even given the sensible ideas under consideration such as the ones my colleague, Elana Schor, unearthed from Barney Frank. It would require a reinforcement of Glass-Steagall which kept banks out of the business of being stockbrokers until it was repealed in the 90s. But things are moving quickly and I wouldn't be shocked if Taleb, who saw the current crash--and has urged clients, by the way, to keep 90% of their money in cash and safe assets--turns out to be right yet again.


13 Comments

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Your utility example is rather bald, as there are many that are deregulated and regional monopolies in parts of the United States---see TimeWarner and Comcast for example.

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flufferwink, it's true that cable companies are regional monopolies, but they aren't exactly utilities - contrary to some opinion, it's possible to live without television.

Electricity and gas utility companies have insanely complex regulations. Their rules make stock markets look like tic-tac-toe. I think there is value in having very tight controls on what retail banking businesses can do, while having other categories for the likes of hedge funds.

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Isn't TD Ameritrade still somewhat independent, or have I missed something?

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Remember the good old days when banks and investment brokers were legally barred from getting into each others' businesses? Isn't the elimination of that barrier one of the major sources of the current problems? It seems to me that if we deem banks too important to be allowed take big risks, we don't need them to become utilities - we just need to re-institute the divide between banks and investment brokers.

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Completely agree. Separation of duties is a good thing, if only to keep companies focused on what they are good at. Every time Coca-cola ventures out of the softdrink enterprise, they never do as well as when they focus on fizzy sugar water. Consolidation is good for an immediate pay out for stock holders, but usually isn't focused on the long-term good of the company or the economy, imho.

This also goes for the media. Remember the pre-Clinton days when medias were independent? I know they got rid of the separation in the 'guise of modernization, but really it was just a power/money grab.

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This isn't really a hypothetical. It's a historical question. Just go back and look at banking from the mid 30s to the late 70s. A period in our economic history that apparently was too horrible even to mention.

One of the nice things about limits on interstate banking and other methods for keeping banks small enough to fail is that it also means keeping them small enough that they don't automatically capture their regulators. And with the internet and electronic clearinghouses, pretty much all of the efficiency arguments against keeping banks small go away, except maybe "We won't be able to do enormous really stupid deals that result in huge wealth transfers to the people arranging the deal."

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I like the way you think!

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Hoo-boy. I doubt whether bank stocks will ever be boring, since financial revenue moves with the economy a lot more than revenue from water or electricity.

...and banking has been a heavily regulated industry since the New Deal.

What will change is that hedge funds and off-book banking activities will come under Federal purview.

It's possible that the *effective* salaries of money center CEOs will hover below $1 million per year in 2015. But I seriously doubt it. Taleb's analogy is a rough one at best.

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I couldn't name a utility executive.

Thomas Ayers, William Ayers father, was CEO of Commonwealth Edison. Now you know.

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I don't see this happening. The "utility banks" would be quickly out-manuevered and out-performed by private banks.

Unless private banks were outlawed to ensure there wouldn't be that competition.

I frankly find the fact that people like Krugman are so blase about nationalization to be a bit scary. Why don't we just make sure we have real oversight and regulation of the system we have?

If the U.S. is buying up debts and the like from these banks, we should call it liquidization rather than nationalization. We're buying this crap with the hope that we can hold it for a long period and recoup some amount of money, or even turn a profit. That is actually what happened in the savings and loan mess.

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paulw has it right it is really a back to the future concept.
FDR saved the banking industry in the 30's with a raft of new regulations, laws and regulatory agencies.
Ever since addled ronnie raygun brought his historically delusional perspective into the mainstream and started to dismantle the safe guards that made banks a safe investment with modest returns ( I believe the phrase was for "retirees and widows") the banking industry has become more of a giant ponzi scheme.
The rethuglicans continued this process culminating, in my opinion, with Phil Gramms successful assault on the last remaining regulations protecting the public.
After that it was just erasing the remnants of safeguards by neutering regulatory agencies with budget cuts, dishonest appointees, court decisions by partisan judges based on contorted logic and media compliance.
So here we go again back to the situation of 1932 but this time don't try to save the investors they all worshipped at the alter of the free market so let them suffer the consequences. If it is to big to fail it is to big to be in private ownership. Nationalize the banks, strip the investment boys of any governmental financial protection while imposing strict regulations with mandatory jail time for any violation no plea bargaining allowed.
Do not allow any of the existing bank management to work in the financial system again and impose on them the same penalty that a kid busted for smoking a joint gets no Gov. assistance for anything ever again, disqualification from working for the government or on any government contracts, inability to ever be "bonded" again and forfeiture of all ill gotten funds.
So with a combination of precedents from the New Deal and the War on Drugs hopefully the US can rebuild confidence in the financial system.

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"I couldn't name a utility executive."

You mean besides Ken Lay?

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"With it's connotations of South American guerrillas in fatigues, nationalization carries a lot of dire implications. It's also a misnomer since no one really thinks Citigroup or Wachovia are about to become wholle federally owned and run."

Cooper just started blogging but it is already clear that he will be the resident mouthpiece for the plutocracy.

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