Coleman Lawyer's Closing Argument: The Rules Were Unfairly Changed Against Us
Closing arguments were conducted this morning in the Minnesota election trial, with the political world now awaiting the decision and any potential appeals. Having examined the Franken campaign's closing arguments, let's now take a look at the closer from lead Coleman attorney Joe Friedberg.
In many ways, Friedberg's closing argument felt like it was a preemptive appeal -- that the current rules point to a Coleman loss, and Friedberg was asking this court, or perhaps a future appeals court, to reverse key orders that had gone against Coleman during or before the trial.
At one point, Friedberg said how he's always hopeful that when he argues as a defense attorney, before juries that have become convinced of the prosecution's case, "I might get them to step back, clear their minds, open their minds, and let me try to convince them to the contrary."
But he also admitted, in a flattering tone of voice, "It's more difficult to do that with judges, because basically you know more about the law than I do."
Rejected Absentee Ballots
Fundamentally, Friedberg argued against the court's rulings that for rejected absentee ballots to be admitted at this time, they must be proven to have individually conformed to the full qualifications of the law on all points, and to a degree of certainty. "That standard doesn't exist anywhere in Anglo-American jurisprudence," he said.
Friedberg added that even though he'll concedes the point on strict compliance, rather than substantial compliance, he takes issue with the very high burden of proof: "This is a civil case. The burden of proof is by a preponderance of the evidence, and absent some statutory pronouncement to the contrary, that's the standard that we are required to fulfill."
Friedberg said the starting assumption must be that the voter acted correctly -- not that he has to prove they did, but that someone else must disprove it. For example, over 99% of absentee voters properly made out applications, so we should assume these voters did even if one isn't present or testified to.
As a sign of good faith, he said the Franken campaign's list of ballots should be counted. "We try to enfranchise as many as possible," said Friedberg. "And I don't think that could be clearer from the way I cross-examined voters called by the Contestee - if you can call it cross-examination."
Double-Counting
On the matter of Rule 9 -- the procedure that both campaigns agreed to for handling duplicates of damaged absentee ballots -- he said the agreement was illegal and cannot stand: "Two candidates cannot get together and do away with a statute designed for the protection of the voters, no matter how wrong they think it is."
Friedberg said the campaign is limiting the double-counting claim -- caused by possible human errors in labeling the duplicates and originals -- to ten precincts. And if they are counted again under the proper rules, Norm Coleman should have a net gain of 61 votes.
The Missing Ballots
This time, Friedberg wants strong evidence up front. On the matter of the missing envelope full of ballots from a deep-blue Minneapolis precinct, Friedberg said the law requires a manual recount -- that only ballots counted by hand can be in the totals, and that the state canvassing board's decision to revert to the Election Night totals was illegal: "If they can't be counted, then there's only one thing to do, and that's disregard them." If they were indeed disregarded -- which doesn't appear likely at this point -- Al Franken would lose a net 46 votes.
The 14th Amendment
And Friedberg argued that the court's declaration of strict standards is in violation of the Due Process clause of the Constitution because counties on Election Day were more lenient: "This changing standard from one time to another is a Substantive Due Process problem that cannot be corrected, unless the standards are made the same going forward as they were in the past."
And he made an Equal Protection claim that the counties themselves were not uniform. For example, deep-red Carver County was strict about rejecting ballots whose witnesses weren't properly registered, while Minneapolis assumed people were in order -- an assumption that Friedberg approves of, as he estimates that this holds true in 96% of cases.
By the way, there's a reason that a lawyer could vociferously cite the federal Constitution in state court: To save a claim for federal appeals.
The Conclusion
Friedberg closed his arguments by thanking the judges for all their patience with him, and made a frank admission: "I thank you very much for the tolerance...that I stumbled and stammered a lot in the course of this case. I now know a lot more about election law than I did when I started this case -- which was zero."
You see, Friedberg is a criminal defense attorney, and a very well-respected one. He took this case well outside of his expertise because he is a long-time close friend of Norm Coleman. In fact, he's personally a Democrat, and in an interview from before this election he said: "I would do anything for Norm, except vote for him. And I've told him that."


















Coleman can appeal all he wants, but he's never going to get an injunction from the SCOTUS against seating Franken. Besides, now that his website fundraising operation had such a huge security breach, I expect the wingnut money is drying up. Is Norman so nutty that he would spend his own precious money appealing his thin case to the Supremes? I doubt so.
March 13, 2009 3:07 PM | Reply | Permalink
I doubt so too. I don't think Norm actually has ANY of his own money, precious or otherwise.
March 13, 2009 4:47 PM | Reply | Permalink
Absolutely correct. I've noticed Norm Coleman always whining about his compensation as a US Senator.
March 13, 2009 6:10 PM | Reply | Permalink
Wasn't he under water on his many-times-refinanced Crocus Hill house?
March 13, 2009 7:58 PM | Reply | Permalink
Shorter* Coleman Team:
"Whaaaah!!!"
*yes, We are aware of all Internet traditions.™
(per SN!)
March 13, 2009 3:11 PM | Reply | Permalink
*yes, We are aware of all Internet traditions.™
(per SN!)
I do love that blog....
March 16, 2009 3:58 AM | Reply | Permalink
I hope the ECC considers and decides the equal protection claim, which I think would prevent Coleman from asserting it in a collateral federal district court action.
If they conclude it isn't in their jurisdiction, Coleman can walk to the federal courthouse and bottle this thing up forever if he wants.
March 13, 2009 3:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
I don't think so; I think it's been established that certification only waits for a single appeal to the state Supreme Court. A successful federal appeal could overturn the result, but wouldn't continue to prevent Franken being seated. (Which means the GOP probably won't fund it, since that's all they care about.)
March 13, 2009 4:25 PM | Reply | Permalink
Coleman could ask to enjoin the signing or the delivery of a certificate. A federal court could grant it (either SCOTUS, if seeking review of the MN S. Ct, or federal district court in a collateral action) if Coleman makes the proper showing, regardless of the MN S. Ct.'s interpretation of the state's election laws.
I don't think he's likely to be able to make the required showing, or to succeed on the merits, but one big factor—prejudice to his interests—is clearly in his favor.
March 13, 2009 4:45 PM | Reply | Permalink
I'm not sure why the election contest court considering the equal protection claim would prevent Coleman from asserting it in a collateral Section 1983 action in federal court. Can you explain?
Even if Coleman files an action in federal court, though, I don't think that will prevent Franken from getting his election certificate. It might embolden Senate Republicans to continue filibustering though.
March 13, 2009 4:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
It seems to me it would be res judicata. But I'm not an expert on federal procedure or 1983 claims, so I could be wrong and Coleman could have two bites at the same 14th-amendment-claim apple.
March 13, 2009 4:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
I'd need to refresh my memory of the federal case law on res judicata to form a strong opinion on whether you are correct. Off the top of my head, though, they don't seem like the same claim to me. In the election court, Coleman argues: "You need to count the votes the way that I demand or you'll be violating my right to equal protection." In a federal civil rights action, Coleman would argue: "You need to order a new election because the State of Minnesota (including the election court) violated my right to equal protection." Those claims are related, of course, but they seem different to me.
March 13, 2009 5:28 PM | Reply | Permalink
Fair enough, though I would argue that because his equal protection claim remains so devoid of particulars at this point it's hard to tell what he's asserting. Is he challenging the constitutionality of Minnesota election law, or the actions of county officials, and on whose behalf, his or all absentee voters? It's all a muddle.
Frankly, I don't think he's really laid out an actual equal protection argument. He's just gestured vaguely and menagingly at Bush v Gore and insinuated that that's enough to justify whatever kooky mathematical remedy he's asking for. And maybe that's by design: he makes 14th Amendment-type sounds to spook the ECC, but he doesn't really want them to address and rule on an actual equal protection claim, because he wants to bring that in a collateral action.
Or maybe, applying hanlon's razor, they really don't know how to properly assert an equal protection claim.
March 13, 2009 6:07 PM | Reply | Permalink
Wow. I tried to give Coleman's team the benefit of the doubt throughout this process. The judges may still be out, but this juror is ready to reach a decision: Coleman and his legal team are idiots. I don't know which is worse, Coleman choosing an unqualified attorney to represent him, or Friedberg taking this case knowing he was unqualified. The one thing Coleman will not get away with on appeal is a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel. Coleman and Friedberg both went into this case with eyes wide open, knowing Friedberg's lack of qualifications. That's invited error and not grounds for appeal.
March 13, 2009 3:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
How about sheer mendacity on the part of the plaintiff? Is that grounds for appeal?
March 13, 2009 3:23 PM | Reply | Permalink
Ineffective assistance of counsel is grounds to appeal a "criminal" conviction; not for use in civil proceedings.
OTOH, you might just be a little premature because I believe Normy may just be needing Mr. Friedberg assistance in that way in the very near future in another legal matter of the criminal variety.
March 13, 2009 4:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
Friedberg to judges: "You reflect my light when it shines."
March 13, 2009 3:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
But he also admitted, in a flattering tone of voice, "It's more difficult to do that with judges, because basically you know more about the law than I do."
Gag me with a spoon.
March 13, 2009 3:38 PM | Reply | Permalink
And isn't he basically implying that he wins cases by misleading the jury about the law? ;-)
March 13, 2009 4:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
...and implying that the law is on Franken's side?
March 13, 2009 4:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
Teacher! Teacher! Al doesn't play fair! He won't let me win!!!!
March 13, 2009 4:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
As one can read on Politico and as is linked on the main page, McConnell is hoping for an assist from the dark hand of Justice Scalia.
If there was any doubt that Bush v. Gore turned us into a banana republic, McConnell wants 5 justices to remove it this time around.
March 13, 2009 4:23 PM | Reply | Permalink
I was fascinated by Coleman's internally opposing arguments all laid out in the same speech. We heard again how he wants to enfranchise all voters in one phase and then goes on to explain in the next phase how 132 ballots which were lost should just be thrown away. Plus a few more from here and there.
Following Friedberg's argument on the subject of how much verification is enough on any given ballot leads to interesting speculation. One doesn't actually need to find an absentee ballot application because if there weren't one, a ballot couldn't have been sent. (He sort of omitted the part about needing to match the signature and address on the application to the ballot itself.) It's OK if the application is signed by Mom for a student's ballot because he obviously authorized her. Because 96% of voters in whatever county have appropriately registered voters as witnesses, we should just assume that it is so statewide and not bother to check. (If they never checked, I'm pretty sure that number would plummet.) And you don't need to check to be sure a voter whose ballot was rejected didn't then go on to vote at the polling place on election day - even though we heard from several people who did just that. And we know that people in MN don't vote other people's ballots, although they may in Chicago, so we really don't need to be concerned. With every succeeding argument on why he didn't need to provide all the proofs of a legal vote, my jaw just kept dropping further. These are the same people who've spent the last several years screaming about voter fraud?! Can you image the fun and games if the voting rules were really that lax?
In the end Friedberg just really didn't make his case. In fact, he looked exceedingly incompetent and sad. The court still must say something that looks judicial about all of this. In spite of the fact that Friedberg, on behalf of Coleman, spent a lot of time trashing the MN courts and the state's election process, I expect them to come back with serious findings and not just rolling their eyes.
March 13, 2009 4:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
Clearly, ACORN made him do it. =P
March 13, 2009 5:31 PM | Reply | Permalink
Substantive Due Process? Hah! Good luck with that one, Norm.
Making a substantive due process argument is basically conceding that you've got nothing and are going for the Hail Mary pass. Its something that you might throw into your briefing, just in case, but featuring it in your closing argument smacks of desperation.
March 13, 2009 4:47 PM | Reply | Permalink
Whatever McConnell may say, it just strikes me as utterly implausible that the U.S. Supreme Court will want to get into this after the Minnesota Supreme Court review. What could be in it for the
SCUSA to get embroiled in recounting every close election in the land by constitutionalizing slight errors or inconsistencies across counties? And how likely are even current conservative Justices apart from Scalia and Thomas to see Bush v. Gore as good for the legitimacy of their institution? Not likely. They have an easy way to dodge this, because of the Senate's constitutional role.
Also, there was a decidely elegaic tone adopted in both Friedberg's closing and Coleman's post-court press conference today. Friedberg almost sounded as if he was apologizing for a sloppy case, and Coleman kept talking about the good that would come out of this case in enfranchising more Minnesota voters, as proposed by both sides, "no matter who wins." Ginsberg, the Republican hack and Bush v. Gore veteran, gave the national party line; but apart from him, it did not sound as if Coleman is spoiling to carry this further, turning himself into a yet-more-obvious tool of unpopular Congressional Republicans. His fundraising cannot be good and he may care about his reputation in Minnesota.
I am willing to bet it will end fast after the Minnesota courts finish.
March 13, 2009 4:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
Norm Coleman is arguing on the one hand that he need not "prove" ballots cast with legal imperfections were actually cast in good faith by the voter, and on the other hand he's saying that Franken must "prove" that there were actually ballots lost, not rely on the evidence of a numbered envelope being missing and the sign in rolls nearly matching the election night totals.
The only possible reason he could be arguing both sides of virtually the same burden of proof arguement is that he needs the votes he'd gain in both to have a chance of winning.
He must know it only really proves he's hypocritical - but he has no choice because that's all he's got. He's toast.
I think Franken being in the Senate would be great, but just like the Jim Jeffords switch, the Leiberman switch, etc. I don't see it changing the world to have one more or less Dem or Rep Senator. If I was Franken I might even think about daring Norm to a coin flip for the seat before the court rules. No matter who won, we could have a permanent story of a Democrat who had the guts to lay it on the line even after a Republican waffled back in fourth and went to court and was about to lose.
On election night or recount night or court case month it wasn't the Republican who had any stones. Fifty-fifty we just may end up with Franken, but if "I'll keep this tied up in court forever" Norm win's the toss, he'll be a laughing stock in the Senate and there's barely any difference betwee 58 votes and 59.
March 13, 2009 5:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
If I recall, one of the controversies over Bush vs Gore was the court's declaration that the decision could NOT be used as precedent in other cases. It seems that Coleman's lawyer hasn't really read the decision. Or I could be mis-remembering...
March 13, 2009 6:54 PM | Reply | Permalink
So -- if county officials reject an absentee ballot because it does not conform to some provision of the law, the starting presumption should be that the voter acted correctly and that the ballot was rejected in error? We should assume that the county is always wrong? How does that make any sense at all?
Not to mention that if you're measuring probabilities, you should measure not by the percentage of the total number of ballots and applications that voters fill out correctly, but the percentage of the rejected ballots which, subjected to closer scrutiny, turn out to have been rejected in error. And I find it hard to believe that 96% of rejected ballots are rejected in error.
March 13, 2009 7:04 PM | Reply | Permalink
Bravo on your efforts. Period.
Good. Bad. Ugly. Imperfect.
This is journalism.
Effort. Stubbornness. Thoroughness. Objective reporting.
I'm nobody. But I applaud you.
(Ignore my hammer and sickle. That's just sarcasm and irony. I'm not really a commie.)
March 13, 2009 7:23 PM | Reply | Permalink
As embarrassingly unprepared and unfocused Joe Friedberg was during this case I don't think even Johnnie Cochran could have gotten a win for Norm. Coleman is a loser, in all ways.
March 13, 2009 7:39 PM | Reply | Permalink
"starting assumption"??
starting when??
the starting assumption when the ballot is received might well be that the voter acted correctly. but that assumption is then tested by comparing the ballot against the rules. and the ballot is then counted or rejected based on those rules.
the starting assumption in the election contest phase is that the tally at the end of the recount is correct, not that every ballot cast was done so properly. that is why the burden in the contest is on coleman to prove that the tally is not correct by proving that according to the rules individual ballots were either counted improperly or rejected improperly. wishing it were otherwise isn't a persuasive legal argument.
March 15, 2009 8:57 PM | Reply | Permalink