
Sen. Patrick Leahy has been floating the idea of bringing former Supreme Court justices back to the bench to help decide cases where current justices might have conflicts of interest.
It's an intriguing concept in the very early idea stages, according Leahy's aides on the Senate Judiciary Committee. Leahy (D-VT) raised the idea of legislation allowing for the SCOTUS switcharoo first in the National Journal and again in more detail to the Washington Post.
Of course, the former justices in question would be more likely to side with the court's liberals.
Recusal came up frequently during Elena Kagan's confirmation hearings to the high court, given her position as solicitor general and the bevy of health care lawsuits percolating in the states. Republicans made this an issue and pushed Kagan frequently on areas where she'd discussed health care reform or immigration with the White House. She says she didn't, and listed about a dozen cases where she'd sit out if they come before the Supreme Court.
Leahy's idea -- which hasn't moved beyond the idea phase, as far as we can tell from a series of inquiries today -- isn't likely to be met warmly be Republicans who know very well that the only living former justices are Sandra Day'OConnor, John Paul Stevens and David Souter. They are more likely to side with Kagan than Chief Justice John Roberts. In fact, Leahy told the Post that it was Stevens, in retirement for just a month, who suggested the recusal/fill-in justices idea.
We asked the White House and aides for Judiciary's ranking member Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-AL) about the Leahy float. The White House did not have an immediate reaction and Sessions is traveling.
The Post reports today:
This would avoid the court potentially splitting 4 to 4 on a case and, Leahy hopes, encourage justices to recuse themselves more often when there is an appearance of partiality.
Leahy told the Post: "I want justices to feel free to recuse themselves when they have a conflict in a specific case." According to the Post, Leahy is still "smarting" that Justice Antonin Scalia participated in the case related to Vice President Dick Cheney's secret energy task force, given that they were hunting pals.
"There are now three retired justices who can sit on any federal court, except the court to which they were confirmed," Leahy told the Post. "If there is a way for retired justices to help the court fulfill its role in our democracy, I think we should consider it. Justice Stevens is absolutely right about this."
According to the Post, Justice Sonia Sotomayor, a former appeals court judge, has sat out six cases since taking the bench last summer.
Justices recuse themselves occasionally from cases. The choice is theirs and they rarely explain the reason. Most often it is because of a financial conflict or the involvement of a family member. As the court has changed recently -- with four new members in five years -- the reason for recusal is increasingly because a justice played a role in the case in the lower courts.
The full story is worth a read.
Informed Citizen
August 9, 2010 4:48 PM
This would only work if sitting justices like Scalia would admit to conflicts of interest - but since he acts like he is not only a Supreme but above the law - it's not gonna happen. (for example he has US marshals accompany him to speaking engagements and enforce his rule that nobody can record his words - whatever happened to freedom?)
Maybe we should start impeachment proceedings for some of this numbskulls like Thomas, Alito & Roberts.
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Thornhill
August 9, 2010 4:55 PM
It sounds like we're moving closer to another court packing plan. If the court is still narrowly divided the next time the GOP controls Congress and the White House, I'm sure they're going to seriously consider adding a 10th and 11th Justice. The Democrats might as well do it first.
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marvc
August 9, 2010 5:16 PM
I agree with the first point of Informed Citizen's comment: unless we can be assured that justices such as Scalia, Alito, Thomas, and Roberts will also recuse themselves, there is little point to pursuing this. I find it unfair that Sotomayor will recuse herself multiple times, but Thomas (in Citizens United -- his wife has extremely direct connections) and Scalia (in the case mentioned above) have refused to recuse themselves. If it isn't going to be a balanced process, what is the point with giving one side an upper hand? As for impeachment proceedings, never gonna happen.
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terje
August 9, 2010 6:04 PM in reply to marvc
I think that misses the point. None of this is dependent on what the right wing justices do.
If a Justice like Kagan chooses to do the right thing and recuse herself from a case, that gives the right wing on the court an extra one-vote advantage. If there is a constitutionally sound way for her to be replaced by Stevens or Souter or O'Connor on key cases, at least that helps create the possibility of getting to 5 votes (with Kennedy), instead of being unable to get past 4.
We've seen that Scalia, Thomas et al will continue to sit on cases where they have a clear conflict of interest. None of them are likely to sit out a case if it would mean a non-right wing retired justice was stepping in -- so this won't have any impact on their behaviour. But it could help cushion the impact of Kagan or others on the left side of the court sitting out critical cases.
I can't imagine that there is an easy constitutional way to accomplish this, but I'm listening.
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vasu
August 10, 2010 8:16 AM in reply to terje
Isn't there a way to have an independent / non-partisan group come in and check this? Aren't we a system of checks and balances? What is the check and balance here? What makes sure that the justices are performing ethically in their duty?
I think that is the biggest thing and has to be addressed, because if you have a conflict of interest on a case that goes it against most ethical standards if they sit in judgment then these justices should be made to feel the same pains as all other judges.
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LarryMo
August 10, 2010 10:46 AM in reply to marvc
Please use the FULL NAME for the organization that brought the suit.
It is not "Citizens United".
The name they chose should be used whenever the lawsuit is mentioned - "Citizens United Not Timid".
Sleazy? Sure is.
But that was the choice made by the GOP wingers who named the group.
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mans_best_friend
August 9, 2010 5:27 PM
Not sure if this passes Constitutional muster, but I don't think so.
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The Commenter Formerly Known as NCSteve
August 9, 2010 6:02 PM in reply to mans_best_friend
Probably is. Under Article III, Congress can do pretty much as it pleases when it comes to the composition of the Court and the Courts.
Whether it's a good idea is a whole other thing, of course.
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Economides
August 9, 2010 8:42 PM in reply to The Commenter Formerly Known as NCSteve
Agreed that they can make the Supreme Court have 15 justices starting tomorrow if they could pass the law, but can they require recusal? How would they do that? Who would arbitrate?
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August 9, 2010 5:42 PM
it's always interesting at election time how long time incumbents start talking about conflicts of interest and ethics. Many politicians seem blissfully unaware of the millions of dollars they take in special interest funds, then vote on the very bill those folks just paid for. Leahy, although better than some, is still a representative of this broken, bought and paid for system and is exactly why congress has an 11% approval rating.
We need a change in washington. Demand a candidate who won't be beholden to special interest or party. Take a look at US Senate candidate, physician, and Navy Captain Dan Freilich (www.DanielFreilich.com)
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terje
August 9, 2010 6:13 PM in reply to CaptainDan
Sorry Dan, that is an unfounded attack on Senator Leahy.
He has raised the conflict of interest issue in the past, speaking up in non-election years about his concerns for the way that Scalia and Thomas have chosen not to recuse themselves when faced with conflicts.
Your misplaced primary campaign against Senator Leahy seems to be resting on the dubious claim that he is somehow a captive of special interests. But the reality is that he has been a model of integrity and effectiveness. If we had another 58 senators as good as Senator Leahy and Senator Sanders, then Congress would be soaring in popularity.
This Vermonter is proud to be voting for Senator Leahy's renomination and reelection.
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JoeH
August 9, 2010 6:19 PM
this isn't that radical of an idea, really. other courts (both federal circuit courts and at least some state appeals courts, specifically) allow judges to take 'senior status' and hear cases when they are needed, like in the situations Leahy mentions. besides the hyper partisan aspect of the SC, there isn't any real reason it needs to run differently.
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CVille Dem
August 9, 2010 8:27 PM
Will Scalia, Thomas and Alito all remain healthy for the next 6 years? I hope not.
activist judges? The repubs love them as long as they skew the constitution in a way it was never meant to be, but towards a far-right-wing agenda. That kind of activism is fine with the lemmings who swallow the billionaire's kool aid.
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xargaw
August 9, 2010 9:04 PM
This is a dumb idea. Let them resuse themselves and decide without that Justice. In the case of a tie, no decision. Let the lower court decision stand.
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gtomkins
August 9, 2010 10:13 PM
It's not just recusal
I suspect that the real point of Stevens' suggestion is to create a way to deal with 4-4 decisions in a SCOTUS forced to get by with 8 members in the wake of Republican refusal to let any Obama nominee fill any future vacancy.
The structure of the court, had the Rs not let Kagan past, or refuse in the possibly near future to let any successor to RBG past their 41 votes, would be 4-1-3, conservative-"moderate"(Kennedy)-liberal. That composition would be hugely better for the conservative movement agenda than 4-1-4, especially since the packing of lower courts with Federalist Society stooges means that even Kennedy desertion ties would mostly leave in place wingnut decisions.
Create a way to resolve such 4-4 ties with moderate to liberal Justices Emeriti, and you take away any inducement for the Rs to even try to leave one of the liberal seats empty until Obama is no longer doing the nominating. That strikes me as more of an actual benefit to have prompted the Stevens suggestion than the 200+ year-old non-problem of recusal ties.
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lamonth
August 9, 2010 10:44 PM
this has got to be one of the stupidiest ideas i have ever heard. it seems old democrats rather change laws to stay in power instead of promote true ideas - once again, the babyboomers prove to be the worst generation ever.......
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Terry
August 9, 2010 11:26 PM
Please write a law that Sandra Day can come back for recusals. Also, let's just let Sandra Day decide who has to recuse themselves, too.
God I miss that woman. I would vote for a constitution that made her and Diane Rehm co-empresses.
Oh, while I'm praying, please let Scalia or Thomas decide to retire soon.
Amen
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semiotix
August 10, 2010 1:42 AM
This is one of those perfectly reasonable things that ends up sounding incredibly nefarious.
O'Connor, for example, ALREADY does quite a sideline as a substitute federal judge, because of completely uncontroversial rules that let her and other retired federal judges take on cases when the active judges can't.
But holy crap, start talking about the Supreme Court and you're just poking the hornet's nest. God help us if one of the conservative justices dies or quits while Obama is President. My guess is they'd burn the Capitol down if they had to.
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Early Out
August 10, 2010 8:25 AM
Can we get Earl Warren?
The problem with this proposal is that Supreme Court Justices generally stay on the bench until they die, or are too old and infirm to be effective. Bringing them back is usually not a realistic option. The cases of Sandra Day O'Connor and David Souter are very unusual.
Better proposal... How about letting the Justice who is recusing herself name her own replacement from among the sitting Court of Appeals justices?
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fisconsolib
August 10, 2010 8:52 AM
From Bush v Gore thru Citizens United it's pretty clear that the SCOTUS will remain the conservative's gift that keeps on giving for at least the next 20 years. Think back to the Dred Scott decision by Roger Taney vis-a-vis ending slavery as opposed to Loving v Virginia and the Warren court. When Liberals predominate we get sound decisions. When the right-wing presides, not so much.
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LarryMo
August 10, 2010 10:53 AM in reply to fisconsolib
The second suit you reference is actually "Citizens United, Not Timid".
The acronym was chosen on purpose, and deserves to be mentioned any time the GOP-funded group is mentioned.
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